Social Trends – Page 171 – Digital Finance Analytics (DFA) Blog

A Tale Of Two Cities – Demand and Supply In Action

Last week we reported on the ABS house stock data, which valued property at more than 5.2 trillion in Australia. We have been looking in more detail at this data, and cross relating it to information from our own household surveys. Today we compare the markets in NSW and WA, because there are some interesting observations to note. First, NSW and WA have the highest mean dwelling prices in Australia. NSW stands at more than $650,000 and WA $595,000, ahead of VIC and ACT. TAS has the lowest mean at just over $300,000.

In addition, when we look at the decomposition of the $5.2 trillon by state, NSW has the largest share, WA has a smaller, but significant share, behind VIC and QLD.

But, there are some interesting differences between NSW and WA. Population growth, from all sources (migration, births, and interstate movements), shows that WA is growing faster than NSW. So, from the demand perspective, we would expect prices in WA to be responding to that demand.In fact, dwelling prices in WA have been growing at a significantly lower speed than in NSW. In fact, most recent data suggests prices in WA are going slightly backwards.

So, whats making this happen? We need to look at the supply side of the equation. WA have been building more properties, significantly more, than NSW. So demand and supply in WA are more in balance, even taking the faster population growth into account.

We also checked out the status of property purchase by SMSF’s and the like, and there are similar trends in the two states, so that element can be discounted from the analysis. We have previously highlighted the shrinking average plot size for new developments, and noted that WA has been allowing plot sub-division and new builds on sub-250 sqm plots. So it is interesting to note NSW’s recent announcement to release land in the west for smaller development plots. Supply and demand are clearly in action, and NSW house prices won’t adjust from their stratospheric levels until substantial supply side issues are addressed. The way to address Australia’s housing issues is to release more land, and build more houses.

NSW First Time Buyer Trends From 2002

As part of our household surveys we have been examining the state of play for NSW first time buyers since 2002. In our research we have identified the year in which they purchased, whether they subsequently refinanced, or moved on, and how many of these households are currently having difficulty in finding a lender to refinance with. To be clear, this is a snapshot, as at August 2014, across multiple cohorts.

The data shows, firstly the monthly volume of loans written for first time buyers, peaking in 2009, and now languishing at a 20 year low. Next we plot, by age of the purchase, what proportion of households have subsequently either refinanced an existing loan, or sold and bought elsewhere. Perhaps it is not surprising that loans which are older, are more likely to be churned. The yellow trend line shows the proportion of households, by year of origination who have tried, but have not so far been able to refinance their loan. We see a significant peak in loans written in the 2009 boom time (when first time buyer incentives were at their peak, both at a federal and state level in a response to the GFC). More recent loans are less likely to be churned, so we see the drop in recent month. This suggests that there are a number of households in the 2009 and 2010 cohort who are in some strife.

We also analysed data on their current levels of mortgage stress, and their loan to income (LTI) ratios. We found that the average LTI grew steadily through the 2007-2012 cohorts, and currently stands at close to 6 times current gross income. We also see a peak in mortgage stress, in those households who took a loan in the 2009-2012 period. The proportion in mortgage stress are lower in the cohorts before and after this period. Once again the data highlights potential issues in specific cohorts, who are highly sensitive to unemployment, falling income or rising rates.

This data also is a warning, that first time buyer incentives can pull households into the market, and lay potential long term problems for them.

House Price Momentum Slowing As Value Reaches $5.2 Trillion

The ABS released their latest data on Residential Property Prices today. The total value of residential dwellings in Australia was $5,196,355.9 m at the end of June quarter 2014, rising $112,598.5 m over the quarter. The mean price of residential dwellings rose $9,900 and the number of residential dwellings rose by 37,600 in the June quarter 2014. The price index for residential properties for the weighted average of the eight capital cities rose 1.8% in the June quarter 2014 and rose 10.1% through the year to the June quarter 2014. The capital city residential property price indexes rose in Sydney (+3.1%), Melbourne (+1.3%), Brisbane (+1.8%), Adelaide (+1.0%), Canberra (+0.8%), Darwin (+0.7%) and Hobart (+0.3%) and fell in Perth (-0.2%). Recent data suggest momentum is slowing, a little.

Annually, residential property prices rose in Sydney (+15.6%), Melbourne (+9.3%), Brisbane (+6.8%), Adelaide (+5.6%), Hobart (+4.3%), Perth (+3.6), Darwin (+3.4%), and Canberra (+2.2%).

The median price of established houses exceeds $700,000 in Sydney. Hobart and Adelaide have the lowest values. Looking at the rest of the states, beyond the capital cities, NT has the highest value, and QLD exceeds NSW and VIC. Note this data is to December 2013 only, as the ABS does not yet reprot the latest data for the past 6 months.

Looking at attached dwellings, again Sydney is highest, on average, at over $550,000, whereas away from the capital cities, prices are higher in NT and QLD.

Looking at the number of transfers, momentum is clearly in Sydney and Melbourne. Brisbane is showing signs of upward movement. Note again this data is to December 2013.

Property is too highly priced, compared with income measures, and international comparisons. The long term chronic problem of poor supply, easy loans and high demand continues to be a brake on the broader economy. Household confidence is not buttressed by rising prices. Many continue be be excluded from the market.

Property Investors Get A Second Wind – Latest DFA Survey

The latest DFA Survey results indicate that momentum in the property investor segment is set for an upswing, as we move into the spring season. When we last reported on our survey results, there was a dip in intentions, quite strongly linked to budget uncertainly. This has largely evaporate now other than continuing concerns about potential benefit cuts. Today we summarise some of the recent results which points in this direction.

First we look at prospective purchasing intentions across our segments. We see first time buyers still languishing, whereas solo investors, portfolio investors and uptraders are showing an increase in momentum compared with results from June.

House price expectations are pretty similar to earlier in the year, more are thinking prices are set to continue to rise, than fall.

Sole investors are being motivated by the prospect of appreciating property values, and better returns than deposits. They also continue to be attracted by tax breaks associated with investment purchases.

Superannuation investors are still in the market attracted by the tax efficient nature of this investment class, and backed by expectations of rising prices. They are also responding to lower deposit rates.

Looking that those SMSF funds with property, we see that most have 30-40% of their super aligned to property, but there is a wide spread. Absolute numbers of SMSF’s with property remain quite low, but it is growing.

So what is driving the resurgence of investors? We see that that overhand from the budget has mostly gone now, and funding is readily available. We also see that those who already bought, are coming back for more.

Finally, when we look at the budget factors in particular, we see that the high income levy still has an impact, whereas fears of changes to negative gearing has fallen, along with fears of changes to superannuation rules. We note though that concerns about reductions in benefits remains.So, putting that all together, we think that investment lending will continue to outstrip owner occupied lending, and reach new records in coming months. We will incorporate this latest data into our models, and plan to publish an updated edition of the Property Imperative later in the year.

Building Approvals Fall In June – ABS

The ABS published their data today on Building Approvals to June 2014. The number of dwellings approved fell 1.1 per cent in June 2014, in trend terms, and has fallen for six months. The seasonally adjusted estimate for total dwellings approved fell 5.0% in June following a rise of 10.3% in the previous month. The seasonally adjusted estimate for private sector houses fell 2.2% in June following a rise of 1.4% in the previous month. The seasonally adjusted estimate for private sector dwellings excluding houses fell 10.5% in June following a rise of 26.7% in the previous month. Clearly the data is volatile month by month, so the trend series tells is more about what is happening. Overall, in seasonally adjusted terms, numbers are down, compared with the peak in January 2014.

Dwelling approvals decreased in trend terms in the Australian Capital Territory (15.2 per cent), New South Wales (1.8 per cent), Victoria (0.8 per cent), South Australia (0.7 per cent), Western Australia (0.7 per cent) and Queensland (0.4 per cent) but increased in the Northern Territory (9.2 per cent) and Tasmania (2.7 per cent). In trend terms, approvals for private sector houses fell 0.4 per cent in June. Private sector house approvals fell in trend terms in South Australia (3.7 per cent), New South Wales (0.6 per cent), Western Australia (0.4 per cent) and Victoria (0.2 per cent), but rose in Queensland (0.3 per cent).

The value of total building approved fell 2.6 per cent in June, in trend terms, and has fallen for seven months. The value of residential building fell 0.5 per cent, while non-residential building fell 7.1 per cent in trend terms. The seasonally adjusted estimate of the value of total building approved rose 3.7% in June and has risen for two months. The value of residential building fell 3.7% following a rise of 14.7%. The value of non-residential building rose 17.9% and has risen for two months.

Continued signs that low interest rates are not translating to strong growth in construction. We still are not building enough properties to meet demand, so expect house prices to continue to rise in some areas at least.

Why Enticing First Time Buyers With Super Is A Bad Idea

We know that first time buyers are sitting on the sidelines, as shown in our recent surveys. The biggest barrier is price. Many are desperate to enter the market and would jump at any additional incentive.

No surprise then to see proposals popping up from time to time to try and assist first time buyers. Often they are tactical and shorted sighted. The latest is from Nick Xenaphon, the Independent Senator for South Australia “Home affordability: a Super idea“.

Independent Senator for South Australia, Nick Xenophon, will introduce legislative changes in the Spring session of parliament to allow first home buyers to access their superannuation savings to pay a house deposit. Such a scheme successfully operates in Canada, called Home Buyers’ Plan, leading to improved housing affordability. At a Senate Economics References Committee hearing in Adelaide today, the Inquiry heard from HomeStart Finance (an arm of the South Australian Government) outlining the Canadian scheme. In Canada up to $25,000 can be accessed for a first home, and it’s made a dramatic difference for housing affordability there. However, Senator Xenophon will be moving for changes to Superannuation Act 1976 to allow the release to superannuation funds for a first home, with similar safeguards to the Canadian scheme. In Canada the amount has to be paid back into the super fund within 15 years. “With more and more Australians finding it difficult to break into home ownership, adopting the Canadian scheme would make a difference to many thousands of Australians each year,” Nick said. “As HomeStart Finance said today, there’s something strange about being able to access your super fund if you are about to default on your housing loan, but you can’t access it to put a deposit on a home in the first place.” Housing affordability in Australia has fallen for the past three decades, as house prices outstrip income growth. An annual affordability survey by Demographia this year found Australia had the second-worst housing affordability in the world, behind Hong Kong. All 39 Australian housing markets surveyed were “seriously” or “severely” unaffordable, defined as having average house prices more than four times average income. Senator Xenophon gave credit to his state colleague, John Darley MLC, who has been a long-time advocate for releasing super funds for home buyers.

At least he recognises we have a serious problem in the housing sector. Here is the recent data on the percentage of first time buyers transacting, its pretty much as low as its ever been. However, we do not think his suggestion has merit. In fact it would be a disaster. His proposal would be, in effect an additional first time over grant, by another name, and we have already shown the first time buyer incentives merely lift prices in the short term, and do nothing to assist long term. You can read our earlier analysis “First Time Buyer Incentives are Bad News” here.

Two additional points, Canada’s housing market is overheating, as shown in our recent comparisons, based on the recent data from the IMF, which we reported here. So their policy settings are not correct.

In addition, there is additional risk, especially when prices are higher than they should be, that households will be exposed when rates rise. First time buyers are already highly exposed. It they also have their hard earned super locked into housing, this is an additional and concerning exposure. The interim FSI report highlighted concerns about super flowing into property. It is a risk too far.

If the politicians want to address the housing issue (and that means recognising there is a problem, which needs attention – RBA please note), then there are alternatives they should consider. Tackle negative gearing, work with the states on land supply, and bring in macroprudential controls on lending. Read my suggestions in detail in the submission I made to the Senate Inquiry into Affordable Housing. My policy suggestions were:

Australia should develop a strategic housing plan which guides ongoing development, be it in current centres, or expansion into new towns. Current tactical plans are not sufficient. The plan should specifically address the supply of affordable housing.
Strategies should be devised to increase land supply. State governments should reduce the current high levels of access fees for new development and revise planning criteria and processes. This has the potential to create considerable economic growth.
Overseas investors should not be able to access first-time buyer incentive schemes, and the Foreign Investment Review board rules should be strengthened to reduce the impact of foreign investors on the local market.
The RBA should have a direct multi-segmented housing affordability metric within its measurement framework. Affordability should be targeted at trend average, not rates experienced since the debt explosion of the 2000 onwards.
Macro-prudential policies should be employment to control the growth in lending. In line with the recommendations from the Bank of International Settlement debt to income servicing ratios should be employed as the policy tool of choice.
Negative gearing should be tapered away and removed for new transactions.
Joint equity schemes like the UK’s Help to Buy Scheme should be considered as a tactical step to assist some of the “Want-to-Buys.”